By Abdul Turay
Published Postimees 12 July 2010
In Orwell's 1984, the main protagonist, Winston Smith, is brutally tortured and mercilessly beaten in the Ministry of Love. In the course of his torment he becomes aware from other prisoners that there is a place inside the ministry where something even worse is going on; Room 101.
Later he is given the opportunity to ask a question on any subject what so ever, but he doesn't really want the answers to the questions he had been seeking throughout the story, he only wants to know one thing.
"What is in Room 101?"
In Room 101, it turns out, is the worst thing in the World. It varies from person to person. It could be death by fire, or burial alive. “It is worse than death, it is unendurably”. In Winston's case, for those of as we all know, it is rats.
Estonia has it's own Room 101, as any visitor to the country can observe. The notion of national extinction, the fear the nation might die because there simply aren't enough Estonians left any more,
This is a real fear it happened to the Livonians previously.
As a colleague said to me once: "What is important to me is that I can speak in my language to my grandchildren."
Alcohol abuse could make Room 101 a reality. Figures show that alcoholism is on the rise with the young. According to a report by the Estonian Institute of Economic report, in 2008 Estonia had the second highest alcohol consumption in Europe. The institute found that the average Estonian drank 11.9 litres of alcohol in 2008.
Hanno Pevkur, minister for social affairs in an interview with this newspaper this month squarely blamed breweries for making the problem worse for the young by making beer too strong.
The facts are both depressing and well known. If the nation's youth are all feckless drunks, to busy killing themselves in drink driving accidents, or too drunk to make love even, much less get married, just how are they going to procreate?
When my editor asked to write about this issue, I thought of Stephen Fry. Let me explain?
In Britain the concept of Room 101 is so well-known we even have a TV show called “Room 101” where celebrities put the things they hate or the things that just irritate them symbolically into the room. Stephen Fry, actor, comedian, and IT guru, put Room 101 into Room 101. I will do the same. Instead of writing about what is wrong with Estonia's young people I'd rather write about what is right with them.
In my experience, Estonian youth are exceptionally bright and talented and if my country had this kind of talent per capita, the rest of the World would trembling. It we had 20 million young people who were as resourceful, we would be ready to take over half the planet....again.
Everything I say is unscientific, it's anecdotal but I work with children and deal with them in my travels, as a teacher, a public servant, a trade unionist and as an organiser in a charity that helped homeless youth. I also have eight nephews, aged between 9 and 20 so I think I have some authority to make comparisons between the Estonian youngsters and British youngsters.
I'll start with the obvious. Estonian kids can speak languages. Most can speak two languages and many three or four. In the U.K. You are considered a bright 18 year old if you speak another language other than English. In Estonia you are considered an idiot if you can only speak Estonian.
Nothing much surprising there, what is surprising is that many Estonian youth can use English better than the English can.
One thirteen-year boy asked me to help him with an application for theatre “scool”. I was horrified that someone going to “scool” every “scoolday”, couldn't spell it.
Why was this? It is not something in the water supply or the food he eat. It is just there are huge gulfs in educational standards.
It's produced a situation where on the one hand my privately schooled 11 year-old nephew can write a poem so advanced that it reads like something written by an university undergraduate and on the other hand one bright 19 year old I know left school with no computer skills whatsoever, he even didn't know how to send e-mails
Come to think of it may be diet is a factor Not only do Estonian youth seem mentally smarter, they seem physically stronger. When I arm-wrestled my kid nephews I pushed their arms over so quickly it seemed like they weren't even trying. When I tried it with an Estonian boy about the same age, it was significantly harder.
To drive home the point he was cocky and confident enough to actually think he could win.
“I want a rematch,” he said.
If it is not one thing it another. At the school that I teach at, children are encouraged to develop extra-circular activities. There are many gifted musicians, artists, budding film-makers, actors and scientists.
It takes 10-15 years to get good at skill. Yet the young musicians I have come into contact with are already virtuosos. I found it hard to fathom how they could be so advanced. I seems the classically trained pianists and guitarists I teach must have been playing since they were embryos.
Britain invented rock music (as opposed to rock'n'roll, which America invented), but in terms of technical ability, young Estonians are better at it now.
There is also the hacker culture that created Skype. The same principle is true in Sweden and Finland. I have heard it argued that it is down to climate. Long cold winter nights mean nobody wants to go out, so kids have nothing better to do than to sit in their bedrooms and mess around on computers and guitars.
Estonians are even doing capitalism better. There is a strong entrepreneurial spirit among Estonian youth which is lacking in Britain. A lot has been said about the Soviet Union and the way it stifled competition ruining whole generations of Estonians, particular men,
But consider this, the generation born after 1990 grew up with the kind of jungle capitalism that we in the West associate with the Wild West or Chicago in the 1920's.
When asked about their experiences of early childhood many young people can remember how they parents would make ends meet by wheeler-dealing, finding what they could and selling it on.
In the 90's most Estonians were freelance businessmen, those that weren't, were starving. This has effected Estonian youth's world view as much as Sovietism.
The young are used to the idea you can't do well by working for someone else, and if you want to have a prosperous life and a pretty wife/nice husband, you have to work for yourself, preferably employing others.
In Britain young people are still waiting for state handouts.
This can-do attitude can go to bizarre lengths, I once asked a class of students what they thought of the idea of free higher education, as happens in Sweden and Finland.
British students would be jumping up and down in excitement at the prospect of no tuition fees.
Estonians thought it was better to pay.
“Why pay for something if you can get it for free?” I asked.
“Why not? there is no such thing as a free lunch,” came the reply.
As for the alcohol problem, I am not buying it. Either the Estonians who were reported as consuming copious amounts of alcohol were really Finnish day-trippers, or things have improved since the figures were compiled in 2008, or there is some other explanation for the figures no one has thought of.
It is clear to even to a casual observer drinking is a much bigger problem with youth in Britain and Ireland. No one who has spent a night out on the town in Newcastle or Dublin could possible think otherwise.
So why do think tanks and politicians keep talking down the youth of the nation?
The press want people to worry about things to keep them reading the paper. Think tanks need to highlight any perceived problem to get funding. And politicians can raise their profile but criticising industry. The alcohol and tobacco industries are easy targets because at the end day they are peddling a mild narcotic. All drama is based on conflict. It's the same reason why George Orwell created Room 101 in the first place.
As a colleague said to me once: "What is important to me is that I can speak in my language to my grandchildren."
Alcohol abuse could make Room 101 a reality. Figures show that alcoholism is on the rise with the young. According to a report by the Estonian Institute of Economic report, in 2008 Estonia had the second highest alcohol consumption in Europe. The institute found that the average Estonian drank 11.9 litres of alcohol in 2008.
Hanno Pevkur, minister for social affairs in an interview with this newspaper this month squarely blamed breweries for making the problem worse for the young by making beer too strong.
The facts are both depressing and well known. If the nation's youth are all feckless drunks, to busy killing themselves in drink driving accidents, or too drunk to make love even, much less get married, just how are they going to procreate?
When my editor asked to write about this issue, I thought of Stephen Fry. Let me explain?
In Britain the concept of Room 101 is so well-known we even have a TV show called “Room 101” where celebrities put the things they hate or the things that just irritate them symbolically into the room. Stephen Fry, actor, comedian, and IT guru, put Room 101 into Room 101. I will do the same. Instead of writing about what is wrong with Estonia's young people I'd rather write about what is right with them.
In my experience, Estonian youth are exceptionally bright and talented and if my country had this kind of talent per capita, the rest of the World would trembling. It we had 20 million young people who were as resourceful, we would be ready to take over half the planet....again.
Everything I say is unscientific, it's anecdotal but I work with children and deal with them in my travels, as a teacher, a public servant, a trade unionist and as an organiser in a charity that helped homeless youth. I also have eight nephews, aged between 9 and 20 so I think I have some authority to make comparisons between the Estonian youngsters and British youngsters.
I'll start with the obvious. Estonian kids can speak languages. Most can speak two languages and many three or four. In the U.K. You are considered a bright 18 year old if you speak another language other than English. In Estonia you are considered an idiot if you can only speak Estonian.
Nothing much surprising there, what is surprising is that many Estonian youth can use English better than the English can.
One thirteen-year boy asked me to help him with an application for theatre “scool”. I was horrified that someone going to “scool” every “scoolday”, couldn't spell it.
Why was this? It is not something in the water supply or the food he eat. It is just there are huge gulfs in educational standards.
It's produced a situation where on the one hand my privately schooled 11 year-old nephew can write a poem so advanced that it reads like something written by an university undergraduate and on the other hand one bright 19 year old I know left school with no computer skills whatsoever, he even didn't know how to send e-mails
Come to think of it may be diet is a factor Not only do Estonian youth seem mentally smarter, they seem physically stronger. When I arm-wrestled my kid nephews I pushed their arms over so quickly it seemed like they weren't even trying. When I tried it with an Estonian boy about the same age, it was significantly harder.
To drive home the point he was cocky and confident enough to actually think he could win.
“I want a rematch,” he said.
If it is not one thing it another. At the school that I teach at, children are encouraged to develop extra-circular activities. There are many gifted musicians, artists, budding film-makers, actors and scientists.
It takes 10-15 years to get good at skill. Yet the young musicians I have come into contact with are already virtuosos. I found it hard to fathom how they could be so advanced. I seems the classically trained pianists and guitarists I teach must have been playing since they were embryos.
Britain invented rock music (as opposed to rock'n'roll, which America invented), but in terms of technical ability, young Estonians are better at it now.
There is also the hacker culture that created Skype. The same principle is true in Sweden and Finland. I have heard it argued that it is down to climate. Long cold winter nights mean nobody wants to go out, so kids have nothing better to do than to sit in their bedrooms and mess around on computers and guitars.
Estonians are even doing capitalism better. There is a strong entrepreneurial spirit among Estonian youth which is lacking in Britain. A lot has been said about the Soviet Union and the way it stifled competition ruining whole generations of Estonians, particular men,
But consider this, the generation born after 1990 grew up with the kind of jungle capitalism that we in the West associate with the Wild West or Chicago in the 1920's.
When asked about their experiences of early childhood many young people can remember how they parents would make ends meet by wheeler-dealing, finding what they could and selling it on.
In the 90's most Estonians were freelance businessmen, those that weren't, were starving. This has effected Estonian youth's world view as much as Sovietism.
The young are used to the idea you can't do well by working for someone else, and if you want to have a prosperous life and a pretty wife/nice husband, you have to work for yourself, preferably employing others.
In Britain young people are still waiting for state handouts.
This can-do attitude can go to bizarre lengths, I once asked a class of students what they thought of the idea of free higher education, as happens in Sweden and Finland.
British students would be jumping up and down in excitement at the prospect of no tuition fees.
Estonians thought it was better to pay.
“Why pay for something if you can get it for free?” I asked.
“Why not? there is no such thing as a free lunch,” came the reply.
As for the alcohol problem, I am not buying it. Either the Estonians who were reported as consuming copious amounts of alcohol were really Finnish day-trippers, or things have improved since the figures were compiled in 2008, or there is some other explanation for the figures no one has thought of.
It is clear to even to a casual observer drinking is a much bigger problem with youth in Britain and Ireland. No one who has spent a night out on the town in Newcastle or Dublin could possible think otherwise.
So why do think tanks and politicians keep talking down the youth of the nation?
The press want people to worry about things to keep them reading the paper. Think tanks need to highlight any perceived problem to get funding. And politicians can raise their profile but criticising industry. The alcohol and tobacco industries are easy targets because at the end day they are peddling a mild narcotic. All drama is based on conflict. It's the same reason why George Orwell created Room 101 in the first place.
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